Alkenes are molecules that contain carbon-carbon double bonds. They are more stable than alkanes, which are molecules that contain carbon-carbon single bonds. T...
Alkenes are molecules that contain carbon-carbon double bonds. They are more stable than alkanes, which are molecules that contain carbon-carbon single bonds. This stability is due to the presence of the double bond, which provides the alkene with a more planar structure. The double bond also restricts rotation around the carbon atoms in the alkene, which helps to stabilize the molecule.
Markovnikov addition is a reaction mechanism in which an electrophile adds to a nucleophile in a step-wise fashion. The electrophile is a species that is attracted to electron density, and the nucleophile is a species that is electron-deficient. In an alkene addition, the electrophile attacks the nucleophile at a carbon atom, and the nucleophile attacks the electrophile at a carbon atom. The intermediate carbocation then collapses to form the alkene product.
Anti-Markovnikov addition is a reaction mechanism in which the electrophile attacks the nucleophile in a step-wise fashion. The electrophile is a species that is attracted to electron density, and the nucleophile is a species that is electron-deficient. In an alkene addition, the electrophile attacks the nucleophile at a carbon atom, but the nucleophile does not attack the electrophile at the same carbon atom. The intermediate carbocation is then attacked by the electrophile at a different carbon atom, and this leads to the formation of the alkene product