Preparation and properties of Ammonia and HNO3

Preparation and Properties of Ammonia and HNO3 Ammonium (NH3) is a colorless, toxic gas with a distinct odor. It is highly soluble in water and can form...

Preparation and Properties of Ammonia and HNO3#

Ammonium (NH3) is a colorless, toxic gas with a distinct odor. It is highly soluble in water and can form basic salts like ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Ammonium is commonly used in industrial applications, such as fertilizer production and explosives.

Properties of Ammonium:

Melting point: -78 °C
Boiling point: 100 °C
Density: 0.002 g/mL
Colorless
Soluble in water

Properties of HNO3 (nitric acid):

Colorless and odorless
Highly soluble in water
Strong oxidizing agent
Highly reactive and dangerous when in contact with other chemicals
Can be used to produce nitric acid gas (NO2) and nitrates (NO3-)

Preparation:

Ammonium can be prepared by the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with hydrochloric acid (HCl):

2NH3(g) + 2HCl(aq) → NH4Cl(aq) + H2O(l)

Nitric acid can be prepared by the reaction of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4):

2NaNO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) + H2O(l)